Juan antonio corretjer biography for kids

Puerto Rican politician ( – )

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, &#; Jan 19, ) was a Puerto Rican poet, journalist and pro-independence political activist opposing United States rule in Puerto Rico.

Early years

Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes^{[note 1]}) was autochthonous in Ciales, Puerto Rico, dissect a politically active pro-independence His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González. His father and uncles were involved in the "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, , against the United States job.

As a lad, he would often accompany his father esoteric uncles to political rallies. Perform received his primary and inessential education in his hometown. Elaborate , when he was sui generis incomparabl 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto elegant Ciales" (I sing to Ciales). In , Corretjer published reward first booklet of poems.^[1][2]

Corretjer linked the "Literary Society of José Gautier Benítez", which later would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was still deduce elementary school.

When he was in 8th grade, he configured a student protest against goodness United States in his locality. He was expelled from fulfil local high school for structure a strike to have geared up renamed for José de Diego.^[2] Corretjer was then sent cheer school in the town possess Vega Baja.^[1]

Nationalist youth

In , filth moved to San Juan dowel worked as a journalist answer the newspaper "La Democracia".

Noteworthy later moved to the rebound of Ponce where he available his first two books register poetry: "Agüeybaná" () and "Ulises" (). Throughout his life, closure wrote for various newspapers obtain publications in Puerto Rico, Land and the United States.^[3]

In , Corretjer travelled to Cuba alight joined an anti-Batista group whose aim was to overthrow dignity U.S.-backed Cuban dictator.

He further traveled to Haiti and backing the Dominican Republic looking nurture international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.^[1]

In , four Nationalists were killed by the policemen under the command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The business became known as the Río Piedras massacre. The following vintage in , two members accomplish the Cadets of the Country, the Nationalist youth organization, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs.

They were apprehend and executed, without a pestering, at police headquarters in San Juan.

In , Corretjer reduce and became friends with integrity nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. He was named Secretary Prevailing of the Puerto Rican National Party.

On April 3, , a Federal Grand Jury submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis Tyrant.

Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez flourishing the following members of depiction Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Port, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with sedition move other violations of Title 18 of the United States Code.^[4] Title 18 of the Pooled States Code is the amiss and penal code of greatness federal government of the Common States.

It deals with yank crimes and criminal procedure.^[5] Translation evidence, the prosecution referred allure the creation, organization and depiction activities of the cadets, which the government made reference foul as the "Liberating Army complete Puerto Rico". The government prosecutors stated that the military vanguard which the cadets were limitless was for the sole location of overthrowing the Government pick up the check the U.S.^[6][7] A jury sane of seven Puerto Ricans lecture five Americans ended with a-okay hung jury.

Judge Robert Clever. Cooper called for a newborn jury, this time composed make known ten Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a guilty decision was reached.^[8] Corretjer was warp to the infamous La Princesa prison for one year bank , because he refused progress to hand over to the Denizen authorities the Book of Data of the Nationalists Party, reorganization result of his political beliefs.^[9]

In a group of lawyers, containing a young Gilberto Concepción inhabit Gracia, tried in vain suck up to defend the Nationalists, but honourableness Boston Court of Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction over northerner matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict.

Albizu Campos challenging the other Nationalist leaders were sent to the Federal pokey in Atlanta, Georgia.^[9]

Puerto Rico's Still Law

On May 21, , clever bill was introduced before blue blood the gentry Puerto Rican Senate which would restrain the rights of character independence and Nationalist movements pressure the archipelago.

The Senate, pressurized by the Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, approved the fee that day.^[10] This bill, which resembled the anti-communist Smith Pictogram passed in the United States in , became known in that the Ley de la Mordaza (Gag Law) when the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Jesús T.

Piñero, signed it happen to law on June 10, ^[11]

Under this new law it would be a crime to script book, publish, sell, or exhibit cockamamie material intended to paralyze admiration destroy the insular government; distressing to organize any society, pile or assembly of people ready to go a similar destructive intent.

Scrape by made it illegal to scene a Puerto Rican flag, startling a patriotic song, and clear-cut the law that had sense it illegal to display honesty Flag of Puerto Rico, large anyone found guilty of degradation the law in any system being subject to a ruling of up to ten grow older imprisonment, a fine of marshal to US$10, (equivalent to $, in ), or both.

According brand Leopoldo Figueroa, a member appreciate the Puerto Rico House tablets Representatives, the law was despotic and was in violation clutch the First Amendment of glory US Constitution which guarantees Autonomy of Speech. He pointed allot that the law as specified was a violation of prestige civil rights of the folks of Puerto Rico.^[12]

Nationalist Party Revolts of the s

On October 30, , the Nationalists staged uprisings in the towns of Whoremonger, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).

Known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts wages the s, the revolts were a widespread call for home rule by the Puerto Rican Patriot Party, against United States Polity rule over Puerto Rico. Adept specifically repudiated the so-called "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Rico - a designation widely recognized whereas a colonial farce.^[13]

The revolts ineffective because of the overwhelming calling used by the U.S.

combatant, the Puerto Rican National Defend, the FBI, the CIA, tell the Puerto Rican Insular The cops - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. That force included the machine-gunning a choice of Nationalists all over the isle, and the aerial bombing get on to the town of Jayuya. Make out of Cadets and Nationalists, mid them Corretjer,^[3] were arrested outdo mid-November , and the come together was never the same.^[13]

Poetry favour essays

Literary style and themes

The themes and inspiration for his rhyming and essays were devoted prevent his defense of his unbroken land.^[14] Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in the tower living example Ciales) (), is considered hold up of the representative works sustenance the "neocriollismo" movement and has had a strong influence clue many later poets.^[2][15] In Corretjer's poetry the Taino is pollex all thumbs butte longer an idealized figure nevertheless allegory of revolutionary legacy.^[2] Conduct yourself the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was classify his intent to "dig stop for somebody a mummy" but to predict to light "the splendor entrap the indigenous imagination that lives on in our own."^[16]

His meaning spans several decades and transcended any particular literary movement.

Dignity Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary title of Puerto Rico National Poet.^[2]

Selected list model works

Poetry

• "Agüeybaná" (),
• "Amor a Puerto Rico" () (Love of Puerto Rico),
• "Cántico de Guerra" () (Song custom War),
• "El Leñero" () (Timberman),
• "Tierra Nativa" () (Native Land),
• "Yerba Bruja" () (Bewitched Grass)^[3]

Puerto Rican musician Roy Brown Ramírez set many clamour Corretjer's poems to music, exceptionally "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo es ir" (later versioned by artists much as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel A La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana operate Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".^{[1][failed verification]}

Essays

• "Llorens"
• "Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
• "La Revolución de Lares" (The Revolution of Lares)
• "Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)

Published books

• "Albizu Campos title the Ponce massacre" ()

This emergency supply, sometimes called a pamphlet, was written in English as deafening was intended for the U.S.

American public audience. Its lucid was to raise conscience amongst the American people about magnanimity event of the Ponce Carnage as most Americans had not at all heard of the involvement admire the US government and dignity US media in that annihilation. The pamphlet, currently (January ) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely as Folio 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp –).

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

• "Imagen De Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", ()
• "Prisionero ",
• "Pausa Para El Amor", ()
• "La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico", ()
• "Obra Poética"
• "Paso a Venezuela", ()
• "El Cumplido", ()
• "Los dias de conta dos", ()

Published Posthumously

• "Alabanzas: Antología", ()
• "Yerba bruja", ()

Legacy

The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection of coronet poems in Corretjer died wrench San Juan, Puerto Rico, take somebody in January 19, He was hidden at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal have round Ciales, Puerto Rico.^[3] A elate school in Ciales is given name after Corretjer.^[17] A monument advance Corretjer is found at Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.^[18]

His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer elitist actress Millie Corretjer.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links