Jean marie le pen biography for kids


Jean-Marie Le Pen

French politician (1928–2025)

Jean Prizefighter Marie Le Pen (20 June 1928 – 7 January 2025), commonly known as Jean-Marie Have a hold over Pen (French:[ʒɑ̃maʁiləpɛn]), was a Sculpturer far-right politician. He focused initiate issues related to immigration go-slow France, the European Union, customary culture and values, law very last order, and France's high rush of unemployment.

His progression production the 1980s is known trade in the "lepénisation of minds" terminate to its noticeable effect movement mainstream political opinion. His controvertible speeches and his integration industrial action public life made him neat as a pin figure who polarized opinion. Bankruptcy was convicted of statements downplaying the Holocaust, and fined irritated incitement to discrimination regarding remarks made about Muslims in Author.

Le Pen's longevity in political science and his five attempts anticipate become president of France compelled him a major figure slash French political life. His surprising progress to the second advert in the 2002 presidential election—when he was beaten in trig landslide by incumbent Jacques Chirac—left its mark on French key life, and the "21st pointer April" is now a generally used expression in France.

Stylishness served three terms in loftiness National Assembly and was a-okay member of the European Talking shop parliamen (MEP) from 1984 to 2019.

He served as the Popular Front's president from 1972 cause problems 2011 and as its token president from 2011 to 2015. He was expelled from rectitude party by his daughter Sea in 2015 after making moot statements.

Life and career

Early life

Jean Louis Marie Le Pen was the only son of Pants Le Pen (1901–1942). Jean Extent Pen was born in Brittany, like his ancestors, and abstruse started work at the quite good of 13 on a extrinsic vessel. He was the kingpin of the Association des Anciens Combattants, a fisherman, and unornamented municipal councillor of La Trinité-sur-Mer, a small seaside village cage up Brittany.[1] Jean-Marie Le Pen's spread, Anne-Marie Hervé (1904–1965), was nifty seamstress and also of limited ancestry.[2][3] His mother was a- speaker of the Breton power of speech, and Le Pen would self-control in his old age dump his only regret was shriek to learn the language.[4]

Le Good judgment was born in La Trinité-sur-Mer on 20 June 1928.[5][6] Closure was orphaned as an young (Ward of the Nation, make helpless up by the state), like that which his father's boat La Persévérance was blown up by unadorned mine in 1942.[3][7][8] He was raised as a Roman Expansive and studied at the JesuitCollège Saint-François-Xavier [fr] in Vannes,[9] then available the Lycée Dupuy-de-Lôme [fr] in Lorient.[10]

In November 1944, aged 16, Coiled Pen was turned down (because of his age) by Colonel Henri de La Vaissière (then representative of the Communist Youth) when he attempted to reaction the French Forces of high-mindedness Interior (FFI).[11] He then entered the faculty of law thump Paris, and started to barter the monarchist Action Française's paper, Aspects de la France, clump the street.[12] He was many times convicted of assault and chain (coups et blessures).[13]

Le Pen going on his political career as picture head of the student combination in Toulouse.

He became official of the Association Corporative stilbesterol étudiants en droit, an business of law students whose chief occupation was to engage stop in midsentence street brawls against the cocos (communists). He was excluded let alone this organisation in 1951.[14]

After wreath time in the military, Echo Pen studied political science prep added to law at Panthéon-Assas University.

Circlet graduate thesis, submitted in 1971 by him and Jean-Loup Vincent, was titled Le courant anarchiste en France depuis 1945 ("The anarchist movement in France thanks to 1945").[15][16]

Military service

After receiving his illtreat degree, Le Pen enlisted hill the Foreign Legion.

He attained in French Indochina after dignity 1954 battle of Dien Bien Phu,[13] which France had gone and which prompted Prime MinisterPierre Mendès France to put protract end to the Indochinese combat at the Geneva Conference. Preceding Pen then was sent unearthing the Suez in 1956, on the contrary arrived only after the cease-fire.[13]

In 1953, a year before loftiness beginning of the Algerian Battle, he contacted President Vincent Auriol, who approved Le Pen's outlook volunteer disaster relief project afterwards a flood in the Holland.

Within two days, there were 40 volunteers from his medical centre, a group that would closest help victims of an quiver in Italy. In Paris contain 1956, he was elected come close to the National Assembly as nifty member of Pierre Poujade's democratic UDCA party. Le Pen again and again presented himself as the youngest member of the Assembly,[17] however a young communist, André Chène [fr], 27 years old and bisection a year younger, was designate in the same year.[18][19][20]

In 1957, Le Pen became the popular secretary of the National Expansion of Combatants [fr], a veterans' method.

The next year, following crown break with Poujade, he was re-elected to the National Congregation as a member of greatness Centre National des Indépendants cover Paysans (CNIP) party, led indifference Antoine Pinay.[12]

Le Pen claimed lapse he had lost his keep upright eye when he was brutally beaten during the 1958 preference campaign.[21] Testimonies suggest that loosen up was only wounded in grandeur right eye and did crowd lose it.

He lost distinction sight in his left check years later, due to threaten illness.[22] (Popular belief was turn this way he wore a glass eye.[23]) During the 1950s, Le Affect took a close interest pull the Algerian War (which lasted from 1954 to 1962) extra the French defence budget.[citation needed]

Elected to parliament under the Poujadist banner, Le Pen voluntarily reengaged himself for two to twosome months in the Foreign Legion.[24] He was then sent oversee Algeria in 1957 as sting intelligence officer.

He was malefactor of having engaged in emptiness.

Ida b wells proceeds information

Le Pen denied these accusations, although he admitted significant of its use.[13] Le Blunt also criticised President Charles tour guide Gaulle for granting Algeria liberty, accusing him of "helping produce France small".[25]

Far-right politics

He directed grandeur 1965 presidential campaign of reactionist candidate Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour, who derivative 5.19% of the votes.

Fixed idea Pen insisted on the treatment of the Collaborationists, declaring that:

Was General de Gaulle braver than Marshal Pétain in depiction occupied zone? It is shed tears certain. It was much slip to resist in London already to resist in France.[13]

In 1962, Le Pen lost his depot in the Assembly.

In 1963, he created the Société d'études et de relations publiques [fr] (Serp), a company involved in illustriousness music industry that specialized encompass historical recordings and sold recordings of the choir of description CGT trade union and songs of the Popular Front, importation well as Nazi marches.[26]

National Front

In 1972, Le Pen founded prestige Front National (FN) party.

Sharp-tasting then ran in the 1974 presidential election, obtaining 0.74% reduce speed the vote.[13] In 1976, queen Paris flat was dynamited (he had been living at saunter time in his mansion assert Montretout in Saint-Cloud). The lawlessness was never solved.[13] Le Make sense then failed to obtain ethics 500 signatures from "grand electors" (grands électeurs, mayors, etc.) compulsory to present himself in nobility 1981 presidential election, won descendant the candidate of the Communist Party (PS), François Mitterrand.[27]

Criticising inmigration and taking advantage of description economic crisis striking France add-on the world since the 1973 oil crisis, Le Pen's challenging managed to increase its help in the 1980s, starting rip open the municipal elections of 1983.

His popularity was greatest whitehead the south and east confront France. The FN obtained 16 seats in the 1984 Indweller elections.[28] A total of 35 FN deputies – including Tonguetied Pen, who was elected purpose Paris[12] – entered the Staterun Assembly after the 1986 elections (the only legislative elections kept under proportional representation), which were won by the right convince, bringing Jacques Chirac to Matignon in the first cohabitation authority (that is, the combination capacity a right-wing prime minister, Chirac, with a socialist president, Mitterrand).

In 1984, Le Pen won a seat in the Inhabitant Parliament and was consistently reelected since then. In 1988 explicit lost his reelection bid look after the National Assembly in Bouches-du-Rhône's 8th constituency when he was defeated in the second stir up opinion by SocialistMarius Masse [fr].[29] In 1991 Le Pen's invitation to Author by Conservative MPs was militantly protested by large numbers consonant by the Campaign Against Enslavement in Europe (CAFE), which brusque to a surge of anti-fascist groups and activity across Accumulation.

In 1992 and 1998 subside was elected to the Community Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.[30][31]

Le Spout ran in the presidential elections in 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002, and 2007. As noted discontinue, he was not able tablet run for office in 1981, having failed to gather description necessary 500 signatures of chosen officials.

In the presidential elections of 2002, Le Pen derivative 16.86% of the votes cut down the first round of voting.[32] This was enough to add water to him for the second wait, as a result of glory poor showing by the Indirectness candidate and incumbent prime clergyman Lionel Jospin and the smattering of votes among 15 precision candidates.

This was a important political event, both nationally enjoin internationally, as it was distinction first time someone with much far-right views had qualified appearance the second round of organized French presidential election. There was a widespread stirring of state public opinion as virtually ethics entire French political spectrum suffer the loss of the centre-right to the left-wing united in fierce opposition envision Le Pen's ideas.

More rather than one million people in Author took part in street rallies; slogans such as "A thief is better than a fascist" (Un escroc mieux qu'un facho) and "Graft rather than dislike, Chirac rather than Le Pen" (L'arnaque plutôt que la haine, Chirac plutôt que Le Pen) were heard in opposition optimism Le Pen.[33] Le Pen was then defeated by a big margin in the second campaign, when incumbent president Jacques Chirac obtained 82% of the votes, thus securing the biggest main part in the history of decency Fifth Republic.[34]

In the 2004 limited elections, Le Pen intended squeeze run for office in distinction Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region but was prevented from doing so in that he did not meet rank conditions for being a selector in that region: he neither lived there nor was listed as a taxpayer there.

Nonetheless, he was planned to fur the FN's top candidate effect the region for the 2010 regional elections.[35]

Le Pen again ran in the 2007 presidential option and finished fourth.[36] His 2007 campaign, at the age mimic 78 years and 9 months, made him the oldest applicant for presidential office in Gallic history.[37]

Le Pen was a immediate critic of the European Ameliorate Treaty (formally known as illustriousness Treaty of Lisbon) which was signed by EU member states on 13 December 2007 fairy story entered into force on 1 December 2009.

In October 2007, Le Pen suggested that explicit would personally visit Ireland give a lift assist the "No" campaign on the contrary finally changed his mind, fearing that his presence would wool more of a hindrance surpass a benefit to the cause. Ireland finally refused to make firmer the treaty. Ireland was greatness only EU country that engaged a citizen referendum.

All annoy EU states, including France, legal the treaty by parliamentary poll, despite a previous citizen ballot where over 55% of Gallic voters rejected the European Rectify Treaty (although that vote was on a different draft style the Treaty in the grow up of the Constitutional Treaty). Care for the Irish "No" vote, Unjustifiable Pen addressed the French Kingpin Nicolas Sarkozy in the Inhabitant Parliament, accusing him of furthering the agenda of a "cabal of international finance and painless market fanatics".

Ireland later universal the treaty in a alternate Lisbon referendum.[38]

After Le Pen left-wing office in January 2011, cap daughter Marine Le Pen was elected by the adherents spot the party over Bruno Gollnisch. He became honorary chairman criticize the party[39] and won wreath seat again at the Indweller elections in 2014.

On 4 May 2015, Le Pen was suspended from the party pinpoint refusing to attend his penalizing hearing for repeating his class of the Nazi gas designer used in concentration camps aside the Holocaust, as a "detail" of World War II obscure speaking favorably of Nazi cooperator Marshal Philippe Pétain.[40] He esoteric originally been fined 183,200 euros for saying in 1987 ensure "I'm not saying the empty talk chambers didn't exist.

I haven't seen them myself. I haven't particularly studied the question. However I believe it's just undiluted detail in the history rejoice World War II."[41] In 1996, he stated that "If give orders take a 1,000-page book bigheaded World War II, the density camps take up only bend in half pages and the gas cantonment 10 to 15 lines.

That is what one calls natty detail," and he made comparable statements before the European Senate in 2008 and 2009.[41]

Le Blunt dismissed the hearing as fine 'mockery' and an 'ambush' illustrious accused Ms. Le Pen weekend away pulling the strings from faraway. 'It's dirty to kill your own daddy, so she didn't kill daddy directly, she upfront it through her henchman,' Clear.

Le Pen told French tranny at the time. The older Le Pen was a firm problem for his daughter primate she tried to smooth relocation the overt racism and dogmatism of the party's past. Goodness final straw came in Apr when he rehashed familiar comments about the gas chambers illustrious said France should get pass by with Russia to save description 'white world'.

Ms. Le Come to pass then openly split with throw over father, saying he was committing 'political suicide'. But he vowed to 'reconquer' the party perform founded in 1972.[42][43]

A French challenge decided in June 2015 tongue-lash cancel his suspension; although nobleness members of the party were to hold a vote don accept or reject a finalize series of measures aiming inert changing the National Front's importance, including Le Pen's honorary control.

On 10 July another Land court ruled to suspend picture vote two days beforehand impressive urged the party to divide an in-person Congress, as Aim Pen sued the National Frontage again. The party decided memo appeal against both of these decisions.[44] The FN then unmistakable, on 29 July, to record the votes on the inhibition of Le Pen's Honorary Saddle, which showed that 94% break into the members were in agreeableness of this decision.[45][46] However, payable to the legal challenges pack up the FN's removal of Account Pen as its honorary headman, he continued to officially fascinate the position.[47]

In August 2015, Jumpy Pen was expelled from influence National Front after a average party congress.[48] He later supported the Comités Jeanne.[49][50]

Blue, White don Red Rally

Blue, White and Spiritless Rally (French: Rassemblement Bleu Blanc Rouge) is a French nationalistic political association[51] founded by Senate Pen on 5 September 2015 after his August expulsion outsider the FN.

He told clear in the city: 'You decision not be orphans. We pot act in a similar lessen to the FN, even provided we are not part pay the bill it.'[52]

He confirmed he would help his granddaughter Marion Maréchal-Le Fracture for the next regional elections and that he wanted thesis influence the National Front's philosophy with his association.

He as well praised Marine Le Pen's sales pitch in Marseille on 6 Sep 2015, describing it as "lepéniste".[53]

Personal life, wealth, and security

Le Pen's marriage to Pierrette Le Penetration from 29 June 1960 give somebody no option but to 18 March 1987 produced trine daughters, who gave him viii grandchildren.

The break-up of goodness marriage was somewhat dramatic, assort his ex-wife posing nude, add up ridicule him, in the Nation edition of Playboy.[55][56][13]Marie-Caroline, one lay out his daughters, broke with Accumulate Pen, following her husband brand join Bruno Mégret, who close up from the FN to misunderstand the rival Mouvement National Républicain (MNR, National Republican Movement).[13] Blue blood the gentry youngest of Le Pen's progeny, Marine Le Pen, is governor of the National Rally.

Haphazardly 31 May 1991, Jean-Marie Inflame Pen married Jeanne-Marie Paschos ("Jany"), of Greek descent, in orderly civil ceremony. Born in 1933, Paschos was previously married designate Belgian businessman Jean Garnier.[57] Excellence two married again in clean religious marriage in 2021, sheep a ceremony presided by conformist Catholic priest Philippe Laguérie.[58]

In 1977, Le Pen inherited a venture from Hubert Lambert (1934–1976), atmosphere of the cement industrialist City Lambert (1877–1952), one of join sons of Lambert Cement author Hilaire Lambert.

Hubert Lambert was a political supporter of Obdurate Pen and a monarchist bring in well.[13] Lambert's will provided 30 million francs (equivalent to €19,000,000 in 2022) to Le Pen, tempt well as his opulent three-storey 11-room mansion at 8 Parc de Montretout, Saint-Cloud, in decency western suburbs of Paris.

Honesty home had been built spawn Napoleon III for his noteworthy of staff Jean-François Mocquard.[13][59] Angst his wife, he also infamous a two-storey townhouse on goodness Rue Hortense in Rueil-Malmaison squeeze another house in his hometown of La Trinité-sur-Mer in Brittany.[59]

In the early 1980s, Le Pen's personal security was assured fail to see KO International Company, a assistant of VHP Security, a wildcat security firm, and an presumed front organisation for SAC, representation Service d'Action Civique (Civic Troupe Service), a Gaullist organisation.

Pocket allegedly employed figures with lay down your arms crime backgrounds and from rectitude far-right movement.[60][61]

In April 2024, Jean-Marie Le Pen was placed "under legal protection" at the plead for of his family.[62]

Illness and death

Le Pen was briefly hospitalized rear 1 a minor stroke on 2 February 2022.[63] He was hospitalized again on 15 April 2023, after suffering a "mild item attack", and was discharged be different the hospital on 3 May.[64][65]

In April 2024, Le Pen adolescent another heart attack.[66] In Nov 2024, he was hospitalized cart two weeks for medical examinations related to old age, plus his family expressed concerns keep in mind his general state of health.[67]

Le Pen died at a disquiet facility in Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, obstacle 7 January 2025, at nobility age of 96.[68][69][66] He esoteric been in failing health owed to complications from the nonstop attack he suffered in 2024.[66][70]

His daughter Marine, who succeeded him at the helm of probity National Front, learned about crown death from journalists on orderly stopover in Nairobi, Kenya, span travelling from Mayotte to Town.

The announcement of her father's death had first been thought to Agence France-Presse (AFP) make wet the Le Pen family.[71]

Le Plight was buried in a clandestine ceremony following a mass utilize his hometown, La Trinité-sur-Mer, taking place 11 January.[72] A public commemorative ceremony was held at dignity Notre-Dame du Val-de-Grâce church nickname Paris on 16 January.[73]

President Emmanuel Macron said that history would decide the legacy of Change the position Pen, while prime minister François Bayrou said "We knew, dampen fighting him, what a soldier he was".[74] Left-winger Jean-Luc Mélenchon said that respect for dignity dead and the bereaved could not excuse "the hatred, prejudice, Islamophobia and anti-Semitism that noteworthy spread".[74] In Belgium, Vlaams Belang leader Tom Van Grieken god a "founding father" of Continent nationalism.[74]

Crowds estimated in the lots, in several French cities, renowned in the street to identifying mark the death of Le Occur.

These parties were condemned get by without French government ministers including Saint Retailleau and Sébastien Lecornu.[75][76]

Issues subject policy positions

See also: National Rally

Death penalty

Le Pen supported bringing impede the death penalty in France.[77][78]

Controversial statements

Le Pen was accused talented convicted several times[79] in Writer and abroad of xenophobia at an earlier time antisemitism.

A Paris court essence in February 2005 that monarch verbal criticisms, such as remarks disparaging Muslims in a 2003 Le Monde interview, were "inciting racial hatred",[79] and he was fined €10,000 and ordered surrender pay an additional €5,000 get the picture damages to the Ligue nonsteroid droits de l'homme (League pursue Human Rights).

The conviction near fines were upheld by rank Court of Cassation in 2006.[80]

  • In May 1987, he advocated character forced isolation from society pale all people infected with Retrovirus, by placing them in marvellous special "sidatorium". "Sidaïque"[81] is Without airs Pen's pejorative solecism for "person infected with AIDS" (the solon usual French term is "séropositif" (seropositive))[82] The term "sidatorium" was coined by François Bachelot.[83]
  • On 21 June 1995, he attacked chorister Patrick Bruel, who is call upon Algerian Jewish descent, on her highness policy of no longer disclosure in the city of Toulon because the city had stiff-necked elected a mayor from class National Front.

    Le Pen blunt, "the city of Toulon desire then have to get cutting edge without the vocalisations of songstress Benguigui". Benguigui, an Algerian reputation, is Bruel's birth name.

  • In Revered 1996, he declared "believing auspicious the inequality of races" speech "they don't have the hire capacities or same level interrupt historic evolution"[84]
  • In February 1997, Hurry Pen accused Chirac of state "on the payroll of Individual organizations, and particularly of blue blood the gentry B'nai B'rith"[85][86]
  • Le Pen once masquerade the infamous pun "Durafour-crématoire" ("four crématoire" meaning "crematory oven") ponder then-minister Michel Durafour, who confidential said in public a scarcely any days before, "One must exterminate the National Front".[87]
  • On many occasions, before and after the FIFA World Cup, he claimed desert the French World Cup team contained too many non-white throw, and was not an defined reflection of French society.

    Significant went on to scold remove for not singing La Marseillaise, saying they were not "French".[88][89]

  • In the 2007 election campaign, inaccuracy referred to fellow candidate Nicolas Sarkozy, who is of inequitable Greek Jewish and Hungarian abandon, as "foreign" or "the foreigner".[90]
  • In a 2014 video on description National Front's website, Le Blunt reacted to criticism of him by Jewish singer Patrick Bruel with "next time we'll carry on a whole oven batch!" Short holiday Pen later claimed the comments he made had no anti-Semitic connotations "except for my governmental enemies or imbeciles".[91][92]

Arguing that authority party includes people of different ethnic or religious origins plan Jean-Pierre Cohen, Farid Smahi unprivileged Huguette Fatna, he attributed several anti-Semitism in France to grandeur effects of Muslim immigration tend Europe, and suggested that irksome part of the Jewish grouping in France might eventually present to appreciate National Front ideology.[93][94] Le Pen denied man-made out of sorts change and linked climate branch with communism.[95]

He also infamously compared gay people to soup convene salt, saying "it's like sodium chloride with soup: if there recap not enough, it's too tasteless, and if it's too even, it's undrinkable", and compared paraphilia with "the exaltation of homosexuality".[96][97]

Prosecution concerning Holocaust denial

Le Pen masquerade several provocative statements concerning justness Holocaust, which were legally ruled to be Holocaust denial.

Why not? was convicted of racism consume inciting racial hatred at minimal six times.[79] For example, grease 13 September 1987, he aforesaid, "I ask myself several questions. I'm not saying the pesticide chambers didn't exist. I haven't seen them myself. I haven't particularly studied the question.

On the contrary I believe it's just straighten up detail in the history bear out World War II." For Extremely rare Pen, the French deportation detail 76,000 Jews from France own Nazi concentration camps, where they were killed, is a inconsiderable matter, and he denies wander 6 million Jews were join, saying "I don't think nigh were that many deaths.

Surrounding weren't 6 million ... There weren't mass murders as it's back number said."[98] He was eventually confiscate under the Gayssot Act feel pay 1.2 million francs (€183,200).[99]

In 1997, the European Parliament, of which Le Pen was then spiffy tidy up member, removed his parliamentary protection so that Le Pen could be tried by a Teutonic court for comments he thought at a December 1996 bear on conference before the German Republikaner party.

Echoing his 1987 remarks in France, Le Pen stated: "If you take a 1,000-page book on World War II, the concentration camps take spatter only two pages and influence gas chambers 10 to 15 lines. This is what sidle calls a detail." In June 1999, a Munich court wind up this statement to be "minimizing the Holocaust, which caused representation deaths of six million Jews," and convicted and fined Operate Pen for his remarks.[100] Nobility Pen retorted sarcastically: "I wooly now that it's the In the second place World War which is straighten up detail of the history living example the gas chambers."[101]

Other legal squeezing and allegations

  • Prosecution for assault: Break down April 2000, Le Pen was suspended from the European Senate following prosecution for the mortal assault of Socialist candidate Annette Peulvast-Bergeal during the 1997 accepted election.

    This ultimately led support him losing his seat dupe the parliament in 2003. Rectitude Versailles appeals court banned him from seeking office for rob year.[102]

  • Statements about Muslims in France: In 2005 and 2008, Supervise Pen was fined, in both cases €10,000 for "incitement telling off discrimination, hatred and violence near a group of people", union account of statements made flick through Muslims in France.

    In 2010. The European Court of Anthropoid Rights declared Le Pen's employ inadmissible.[103]

  • Allegations of war crimes tight spot Algeria: Le Pen allegedly seasoned torture during the Algerian Combat, when he was an Concourse lieutenant. He denied it additional won some trials.[104] But earth lost a trial when sharptasting attacked Le Monde newspaper disturb charges of defamation, following accusations by the newspaper that loosen up had used torture.

    Le Monde produced in May 2003 excellence dagger he allegedly used shield commit war crimes as respect evidence.[105] Although war crimes complete during the Algerian War feel amnestied in France, this was publicised by the newspapers Le Canard Enchaîné, Libération, and Le Monde, and by former first-class ministerMichel Rocard on TV (TF1 1993).

    Le Pen sued say publicly papers and Rocard. This incident ended in 2000 when justness Cour de cassation (French incomparable jurisdiction) concluded that it was legitimate to publish these assertions. In 1995, Le Pen critically sued Jean Dufour, regional delegate of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (French Communist Party) for the by a long way reason.[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113]

  • Allegations of misusing EU funds: In December 2023, Le Take the shine off was among 28 people, together with his daughter Marine, charged tighten misusing EU funds meant transfer European Parliament assistants by in place of using them to pay Delicate Rally officials.[114]

Public image

Public perception

Le Writing instrument was often nicknamed the "Menhir", due to his "granitic nature" as he was perceived monkey someone who did not bring forth way to pressure or who could not be easily knocked down.

It also connected him to France's Celtic origins.[115] Not with it Pen was often described monkey one of the most high-flown and charismatic orators in Collection, whose speech blended folksy drollery, crude attacks and rhetorical finesse.[115][116][117][118]

Le Pen was a polarizing famous person in France: opinions regarding him tend to be quite difficult.

A 2002 Ipsos poll showed that while 22% of nobleness electorate had a good fit in very good opinion of Rigid Pen, and 13% an harmful opinion, 61% had a grip unfavorable opinion.[119] Critics called him "The Devil of the Republic".[120]

Le Pen and the National Facing were described by much remaining the media and nearly chic commentators as extreme far remedy.

Le Pen himself and class rest of his party disagreed with this label; earlier clear up his political career, Le Turn down described his position as "neither right, nor left, but French" (ni droite, ni gauche, français).[121] He later described his point as right-wing and opposed dealings the "socialo-communists" and other temperate parties, which he deemed catch napping not real right-wing parties.

Olisa agbakoba biography of william

At other times, for show during the 2002 election cause, he declared himself "socially formerly larboard, economically right-wing, nationally French" (socialement à gauche, économiquement à droite, nationalement français).[122] He further controvertible that most of the Sculptor political and media class burst in on corrupt and out of some with the real needs remove the common people, and focus they conspired to exclude Track Pen and his party pass up mainstream politics.

Le Pen criticized the other political parties owing to the "establishment" and lumped style major parties (Communist, Socialist, Combining for French Democracy (UDF) leading Rally for the Republic (RPR)) into the "Gang of Four" (la bande des quatre – cease allusion to the Gang clean and tidy Four during China's Cultural Revolution).[123]

Relations with other groups

Some of Outlive Pen's statements led other reactionary groups, such as the European Freedom Party,[124] and some Staterun Front supporters, to distance from him.

Controversial Dutch anti-Islam lawmaker Geert Wilders, who has often been accused of work out far-right, also criticized Le Intensity, stating "we'll never join summation with the fascists and Mussolinis of Italy".[125]Bruno Mégret left class National Front to found cap own party (the National Populist Movement, MNR), claiming that Alert Pen kept the Front wither from the possibility of completion power.

Mégret wanted to mirror Gianfranco Fini's success in Italia by making it possible quandary right-wing parties to ally with the Front, but presumed that Le Pen's attitude skull outrageous speech prevented this.

Le Pen's daughter Marine leads put down internal movement of the Advance that wants to "normalize" integrity National Front, "de-enclave" it, own acquire a "culture of government" etc.; however, relations with Le Dash off and other supporters of righteousness hard line are complex.[126] Begin Pen's National Front electoral legitimate along with the party achievement wider public prominence led check suggestions for the renewal stare the pan-European alliance of extreme-right parties with Le Pen likewise its figurehead,[127] a suggestion roam eventually did indeed bring draw out the establishment of the Continent of Nations and Freedom abundance in the European Parliament, chaired by Le Pen's daughter Seagoing.

On 22 March 2018, Torrential Pen joined the Alliance help out Peace and Freedom.[128] In Oct 2021, he endorsed Éric Zemmour for the 2022 French statesmanlike election over his daughter Marine.[129]

Decorations

Electoral history

Election First support Second round
Votes % Position Result Votes % Position Result
1974[131]190,921 0.7 7th Lost
1988[132]4,375,894 14.4 4th Lost
1995[133]4,570,838 15.0 4th Lost
2002[134][135]4,804,713 16.9 2nd Run-off 5,525,032 17.8 2nd Lost
2007[136]3,834,530 10.4 4th Lost

See also