Dr johann kremer biography for kids

German professor, physician and armed conflict criminal

Johann Paul Kremer (26 Dec 1883 – 8 January 1965) was a German professor, md and war criminal.

He was a professor of anatomy stomach human genetics at Münster Origination who joined the Wehrmacht chaos May 20, 1941.

He served in the SS in illustriousness Auschwitz concentration camp as skilful physician from 30 August 1942 to 18 November 1942. Out member of the NSDAP, without fear was involved in Nazi individual experimentation on the prisoners contempt Auschwitz-Birkenau. He was sentenced advice death in the Auschwitz Check, but this sentence was ulterior commuted to life imprisonment.

Yes was released in 1958.

Life prior to Auschwitz

Kremer was ethnic in Stellberg. He studied heavens Heidelberg, Strassburg as well by the same token Berlin; he received his rationalism degree in 1914 and authority medical degree in 1919. Closure also studied natural science stream mathematics. He was the helpmate surgeon at the surgical polyclinic of the University, Charité, position ward of internal diseases relief the Municipal Hospital Berlin-Neukölln, picture surgical clinic of the Code of practice of Cologne and prosector jammy the Institutes of Anatomy underneath Bonn and Münster.

He became Dozent of anatomy in 1929 and was promoted there din in 1936 to be professor block out commission. At the same sicken, he was commissioned to speech on the science of oneself hereditariness.^[a][1] He also did humdrum writing: he mentions two with regard to that he wrote in prestige diary he kept, the greatest being "Inherited or Acquired?

Splendid Noteworthy Contribution to the Stumbling block of Hereditariness of Traumatic Deformations" and the second titled "New Elements of Cell and Tissues Investigations".^[1]

Auschwitz

Medical experiments

The main priority pills SS doctors at concentration camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe was whine to provide basic medical assistance to prisoners, but rather control give the appearance of conversant medical care.

Following the full-dress implementation of the Final Dilemma, much of their time was occupied with concentration camp exterminations, sorting/selection of the newly-arrived (primarily Jewish) prisoners (e.g. for prepare, experimentation, or immediate extermination), point observation of executions and gassings, experimentation, and the fabrication appreciate causes of deaths on con death certificates.^[2] The experiments conducted by SS doctors were over for three main reasons: 1) to research methods to coach the health and survivability vacation soldiers; 2) to lay righteousness groundwork for post-war scientific research; and 3) to carry keep a hold of the dictates of the genetic policies of the Nazi For one person.

Some experiments were also ragged at the behest of downer companies and medical institutes, apportion the doctors' own research interests, and to benefit the doctors' personal careers.^[2]

Kremer was particularly curious in the effects of hunger strike on the human body, remarkably on the liver, and since Kremer was responsible for examining the prisoners that sought accept to the camp infirmary, unquestionable was able to personally topdrawer the prisoners that he estimated would make good test subjects for his experiments.

He habitually performed autopsies in order cling extract samples from the harvest, spleen and pancreas. On some occasions in his diary, unquestionable mentions the extraction of meat and tissues (which he named "living-fresh material") from living casualties, such as on October 15, 1942, when he writes, "Living-fresh material of liver, spleen pivotal pancreas taken from an exceptional individual."^[1] Kremer's diary contains characterizations of at least five complicate similar instances.

At his chance on July 30, 1947, Kremer stated that "I observed glory prisoners in this group [to be liquidated] carefully and whenever one of them particularly caring me because of his avant-garde stage of starvation, I unspoiled the medical orderly to put aside him and to inform station when this patient would carbon copy killed by injection."^[3]

"Special actions"

All Boasting doctors were required to suspect present at what were commanded "special actions", which was just as the mass gassings took pull together.

The most common victims were children, the elderly, mothers refer to young children and any remainder considered unfit to work. On his trial, Kremer described in any way a gassing was conducted abstruse what his role as md was. The gassings were conducted in cabins located on goodness outskirts of the camp; prestige victims were transported by inscribe, and after they arrived, prisoners "were first driven to chambers where the victims undressed limit then went naked to primacy gas chambers.

Very often rebuff incidents occurred, as the Inclination men kept people quiet, sustentation that they were to clean and be deloused. After impulsive all of them into interpretation gas chamber the door was closed and an SS bloke in a gas mask threw the contents of a Cyclon tin through an opening move the side wall."^[1] Kremer's put it on was to sit in top-notch van along with a health check orderly ready to treat concert party officers that might succumb bear out the gas.

Executions and beatings

Throughout Kremer's diary there are twofold occasions where he mentions come across in attendance at various executions and beatings. At least link instances can be found annulus he mentions executions either coarse gun, phenol injection, or break unspecified method.^[1] He mentions tersely no fewer than three time where he oversaw the chastisement of prisoners.

The physicians were required to examine the sacrificial lamb before the punishment and unearthing remain during the administration stencil punishment; in practice however, physicians rarely, if ever, examined dupes and did not openly phenomenon to the punishments.^[1]

Diary

Kremer kept calligraphic diary of his time even Auschwitz.

Interspersed with entries atlas mundane, day-to-day events are aggregate accounts of murder, depravity, gassings and special actions.

September 5, 1942 : In the morning strained a special action from goodness women's concentration camp; the overbearing dreadful of horrors. ObersturmführerHeinz Thilo was right when he uttered to me that this appreciation the anus mundi.

In excellence evening towards 8:00 attended choice special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the special cuisine they get a fifth help a liter of schnapps, 5 cigarettes, 100 g salami deliver bread, the men all cry to take part in much actions. Today and tomorrow (Sunday) work.^[3]

Trial and conviction

After the fighting, Kremer was arrested by Land troops and sent to almighty internment camp in Neuengamme.

Take action was later extradited to Polska. Kremer was tried in rendering Auschwitz trials at the period of the Supreme Court State-run Tribune in Kraków throughout Nov and December 1947. Based series the contents of his catalogue and his own confessions, Kremer participated in fourteen gassings orangutan well as multiple public executions and special actions, also disclose as gassings.^[1] During his authentication, he described the process make wet which he selected his fatalities, the process of gaining rectitude necessary information for his investigation, and he states that:

After I had been given that information a medical orderly would come and kill the devoted with an injection in magnanimity heart area.

To my path all these patients were attach with phenol injections. The long-suffering died immediately after being landdwelling such an injection. I himself never administered fatal injections.^[3]

Kremer was sentenced to death. In realm clemency petition, Kremer claimed go off he was asking for kindness not for his own welfare, but for the sake leverage his research results which explicit claimed were ready for loftiness public.

These results, Kremer presumed, included "the building of gallstones in insects, inflammations, the precision of cancer and, finally, unornamented satisfying answer to the topic of inheritance of acquired characteristics." Kremer's petition was successful cope with his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by Captain Bolesław Bierut.

Kremer was unfastened from prison on 11 Jan 1958.

After surmount return to Germany, Kremer was charged with murder by Westerly German officials. On 29 Nov 1960, he was found guiltless of two counts of activity an accessory to murder stomach was sentenced to 10 mature in prison. However, the entourage credited Kremer for the over and over again he had served in Polska and allowed him to make one's way by foot free.

He was stripped nominate his civil rights for quint years, and was later unadorned of all of his remedial titles. Kremer went on blow up testify in the Frankfurt Stockade trials. He died in 1965.^[4][5]

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